Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference - foul
Foul
foul
adj., n., adv., & v. --adj. 1 offensive to the senses; loathsome, stinking. 2 dirty, soiled, filthy. 3 colloq. revolting, disgusting. 4 a containing or charged with noxious matter (foul air). b clogged, choked. 5 morally polluted; disgustingly abusive or offensive (foul language; foul deeds). 6 unfair; against the rules of a game etc. (by fair means or foul). 7 (of the weather) wet, rough, stormy. 8 (of a rope etc.) entangled. 9 (of a ship's bottom) overgrown with weeds, barnacles, etc. --n. 1 Sport an unfair or invalid stroke or piece of play. 2 a collision or entanglement, esp. in riding, rowing, or running. 3 a foul thing. --adv. unfairly; contrary to the rules. --v. 1 tr. & intr. make or become foul or dirty. 2 tr. (of an animal) make dirty with excrement. 3 a tr. Sport commit a foul against (a player). b intr. commit a foul. 4 a tr. (often foll. by up) cause (an anchor, cable, etc.) to become entangled or muddled. b intr. become entangled. 5 tr. jam or block (a crossing, railway line, or traffic). 6 tr. (usu. foll. by up) colloq. spoil or bungle. 7 tr. run foul of; collide with. 8 tr. pollute with guilt; dishonour. Phrases and idioms foul brood a fatal disease of larval bees caused by bacteria. foul mouth a person who uses foul language. foul play 1 unfair play in games. 2 treacherous or violent activity, esp. murder. foul-up a muddled or bungled situation. Derivatives foully adv. foulness n. Etymology: OE ful f. Gmc
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1.
I. adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Old English fūl; akin to Old High German fūl rotten, Latin pus pus, putēre to stink, Greek pyon pus Date: before 12th century 1. offensive to the senses ; loathsome, filled or covered with offensive matter, full of dirt or mud, 3. morally or spiritually odious ; detestable , notably unpleasant or distressing ; wretched, horrid , obscene, abusive , 5. being wet and stormy, obstructive to navigation , homely, ugly, 7. treacherous, dishonorable , constituting an infringement of rules in a game or sport , containing marked-up corrections , encrusted, clogged, or choked with a foreign substance , being odorous and impure ; polluted , placed in a situation that impedes physical movement ; entangled, being outside the ~ lines in baseball, see: dirty ~ly adverb ~ness noun II. noun Date: before 12th century something ~, an entanglement or collision especially in angling or sailing, 3. an infringement of the rules in a game or sport, free throw, ~ ball, III. verb Date: before 12th century intransitive verb to become or be ~: as, decompose, rot, to become encrusted, clogged, or choked with a foreign substance, to become entangled or come into collision, to commit a violation of the rules in a sport or game, to hit a ~ ball, transitive verb to make ~: as, to make dirty ; pollute, to tangle or come into collision with, to encrust with a foreign substance , obstruct, block, dishonor, discredit, to commit a ~ against, to hit (a baseball) ~, IV. adverb Date: 13th century in a ~ manner ; so as to be ~ ...Толковый словарь английского языка
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